Simplified DevOps Roadmap for Successful Implementation

DevOps signifies a powerful shift in the software development lifecycle, merging development and IT operations to enable faster, more reliable deployments. Gone are the lengthy, error-prone deployment cycles; with DevOps, continuous integration and rapid delivery are at the core, promoting a culture of collaboration, automation, and resilience.

Now that you understand what DevOps require, you might be wondering if there’s a specific role dedicated to this practice. The answer is yes—a DevOps Engineer. This role is central to managing and optimizing DevOps practices, ensuring the deployment process flows seamlessly from development to production. While responsibilities can vary across organizations, a DevOps Engineer typically takes on several key tasks:

• Implementing CI/CD pipelines for continuous integration and deployment.

• Automating infrastructure to streamline processes.

• Collaborating closely with software development and IT operations teams.

• Ensuring software applications are reliable and perform optimally.

• Diagnosing and resolving issues to maintain smooth operations.

Curious about the potential earnings? The average salary for a DevOps Engineer in India ranges from 9-10 LPA, with senior roles earning between 16-18 LPA and potentially exceeding 35 LPA annually.

This DevOps Roadmap provides a step-by-step guide to mastering the tools, techniques, and methodologies essential for success in this field. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned professional, following this DevOps Roadmap will equip you with the knowledge and skills to navigate the evolving DevOps landscape and accelerate your career in this high-demand domain.

DevOps Engineer Prerequisites and Qualifications

As someone wise said, “You cannot build a great building with weak foundations”. So, if you want to excel and build a career as a DevOps Engineer, you must first understand the fundamentals of computer science and how everything works.

It’s better if you enrolled in any BE/Btech, BCA, or BSc in Computer Science, IT, or a major in Maths. If you are a self-taught developer or someone switching to IT you should focus on some technical subjects as

1. Operating System

2. Data Structures and Algorithms

3. Computer Networks

4. Distributed Systems (Advanced)

For anyone starting, having knowledge in these subjects will help you understand complex topics and build a good starting foundation.

Steps to Become a DevOps Engineer

As a DevOps Engineer, it’s essential to understand the DevOps lifecycle, especially the focus areas of automation and monitoring. This roadmap offers a clear path to mastering the key skills needed for this role.

With this DevOps roadmap, you’ll follow a step-by-step guide designed to take you from beginner to advanced levels. By following along, you’ll build a solid foundation in DevOps concepts and tools, helping you become a highly skilled DevOps Engineer in a realistic learning timeframe. Let’s get started!

Step 1: Select a Programming Language

As a DevOps Engineer, learning a programming language is invaluable. You’ll often need to automate tasks, integrate systems, and troubleshoot complex issues. While the choice of language may vary depending on project needs, the fundamental skills gained are universal. Starting with a versatile language like Python or Go is highly recommended, as both offer easy-to-understand syntax and broad applicability in the IT industry. Here are some top programming languages to consider on your DevOps journey and the essential topics you should focus on to build a solid foundation.

Step 2: Basics of Operating System (OS)

Operating systems are the foundation of computing environments, acting as the link between hardware and software. To effectively manage applications and optimize infrastructure and deployment pipelines, DevOps Engineers need a solid understanding of operating systems before diving into other technologies. Here are some essential topics and operating systems to focus on:

Key OS Concepts:

• OS Basics: Understanding fundamental operating system concepts.

• Process & Threads: Learning about process lifecycle and thread management.

• CPU Scheduling: Exploring how tasks are allocated to CPU resources.

• Process Synchronization: Ensuring processes run smoothly without conflicts.

• Deadlock: Identifying and resolving situations where processes are stuck.

• Memory Management: Managing memory allocation effectively.

• Disk Management & Disk Scheduling: Optimizing disk usage and read/write operations.

Recommended Operating Systems:

1. Windows

2. Linux

3. Ubuntu / Debian

   • RHEL / Derivatives: It is widely used in enterprises and derivatives like CentOS and Fedora offering similar features and compatibility.

   • SUSE Linux: SUSE Linux is favored for the enterprise-grade support it provides.

4. Unix

   • FreeBSD: FreeBSD is good with performance

   • OpenBSD: OpenBSD is good with security

   • NetBSD: NetBSD is good with portability

Virtualization

To manage resources efficiently, DevOps Engineers should be familiar with various virtualization types:

• Application Virtualization

• Network Virtualization

• Desktop Virtualization

• Storage Virtualization

• Server Virtualization

• Data Virtualization

Step 3: Command-line Interface

Mastering the Command Line Interface (CLI) is essential for DevOps Engineers, offering advanced system control and access to features beyond the graphical interface. CLI skills enable precise management and troubleshooting across diverse environments and operating systems, even remotely, which is invaluable for infrastructure management.

Proficiency in CLI enhances problem-solving abilities and provides deeper insights into system operations—key skills for server management and infrastructure maintenance. Here are some crucial areas to focus on:

• Scripting

• Editors

• Networking Tools

• Process Monitoring

• Performance Monitoring

• Text Manipulation

Step 4: Version Control System and Hosting

Including version control and hosting in your DevOps roadmap is important because it helps facilitate collaborations, code management & version tracking which is essential for the DevOps lifecycle or wanting to go for the GitOps approach.

• Version Control System – GIT: Git is the most renowned distributed version control system. Key features include making repositories, branching, making commits and merges, allowing developers to track changes, and collaborating on projects.

• Hosting (Github, Bitbucket, Gitlab): Now that we have our code base being tracked using Git (version control system) we want to host it to make it either available to the public or to the organization we are working in. Some of the hosting providers are Github, BitBucket, Gitlab, etc.

Step 5: Learn About Cloud Providers

In the DevOps roadmap, cloud computing is an important skill to have, because in the end all our applications will be hosted on a server and it could either be on a cloud or on-premise. Some major cloud providers in 2024 are:

• AWS (Amazon Web Services): It provides many services like EC2, and S3 for storage, lambda for serverless, EKS for Kubernetes, and many other services that can help in deploying your software.

• AZURE: Azure is provided by Microsoft. It has many services that it offers like AWS but the main aspect for us is the Azure DevOps tools, which are suite-integrated CICD tools, version control & project management tools.

• GCP (Google Cloud Platform): Google Cloud provides the same services as many other cloud providers and is provided by Google.

Although most of the cloud service providers provide the same services, the key difference is the prices they offer on the resources and some key services that are native to that provider.

Step 6: Containerization – Docker

Docker is an important tool to have in your skill set for any DevOps Engineer. Earlier while deploying any application you had to package the app, and then download the dependencies onto the server for running your application, and it was not easy to scale either. In the current scenario, every organization uses Docker to package and deploy the application because of its simplicity and effortless application packaging in writing a simple Dockerfile.

Things you should know:

• Run containers

• Inspect active containers

• Docker Networking

• Persist data with Docker Volumes

• Dockerize apps using Dockerfiles

• Run multiple containers using Docker-Compose

• Work with Docker Repository

Step 7: CI/CD Tools

n today’s landscape where development is quick, using Agile methodology doing tasks manually would be a waste of time, money, and resources. As a DevOps Engineer, you should know how to automate and streamline the workflow using various CICD tools and services provided to run tests and deploy apps faster.

Some important things you should learn:

• Writing Automation Scripts for testing and deployment

• Setting up monitoring & feedback cycle

• Best Practices

• Setup notifications to channels (For e.g. slack, discord, etc)

Tools to learn:

• GitLab CI

• Jenkins

• GitHub Actions

• Circle CI

Step 8: Container Orchestration

We have learned about containers earlier and how they could be scaled easily. It is because of the Container Orchestration tool. Using a container orchestrator we can create several replicas of our containers. The popular ones are Kubernetes and Docker Swarm.

Kubernetes: It is an open-source container orchestration platform developed by Google. It helps automate the scaling, creation of replicas, and management of containerized applications.

Step 9: Networking and Security, Protocols

Networking and Security protocols are fundamental aspects of DevOps practice, as most of the work is on servers & production environments. Learning Networking concepts will help you in effectively managing and troubleshooting infrastructure, deploying and managing microservices and containerized applications, automating network tasks, and managing cloud-based deployments.

This helps to bridge the gap between the Developers and Operations and helps you to streamline the process and ensure smooth delivery.

Some concepts you should learn are:

• FTP / SFTP

• HTTP / HTTPS

• SSL / TLS

• DNS

• SSH

• Protocols

If you’re looking to build a strong foundation in networking and security for DevOps, the Scaler DevOps Course offers in-depth training on these critical topics, along with hands-on experience in configuring and managing secure networks.

Step 10: Setting Up Firewalls, Proxy and Servers

Learning how to set up Firewalls, proxies, and servers will help you enhance the security and performance of the infrastructure via firewalls and controlling unauthorized access to the servers. Knowing how to set up proxy servers, and load balancers and how to install certs will be a crucial part to know for anyone becoming a DevOps Engineer. Some of the key concepts one should learn are:

• Firewall

• Proxy

• Web Servers

Step 11: Understand Serverless

Moving ahead in this DevOps roadmap, next is learning serverless computing. It is a cloud computing model where the resources are dynamically allocated and provisioned on servers, allowing developers to focus on code rather than worrying about resource allocation or server management.

Being a DevOps engineer, here are some important topics to learn –

• Cloudflare

• AWS Lambda

• Azure Functions

• Vercel

Step 12: Infrastructure Provisioning

As a DevOps Engineer, you need to manage and set up infrastructure but using the old methods of using ClickOps would take time and be very hard to replicate if you want to scale. Infrastructure provisioning has now become easier. Since as a DevOps engineer your task is to automate and scale resources on demand learning Infrastructure provisioning using scripts would be an add-on to your resume.

Some popular tools you should focus on:

• Terraform

• Pulumi

• CloudFormation

• AWS CDK

Step 13: Configuration Management

Configuration Management is a process of monitoring and controlling the Infrastructure component, software, and systems. In an organization, you might need to configure more than 1 server. Imagine manually doing it to thousands or hundreds of servers; it would be time-consuming and dealing with errors constantly. So as a DevOps engineer, you can automate repetitive tasks using a Configuration management tool.

Some tools you should learn:

• Ansible

• Chef

• Puppet

Step 14: Infrastructure Monitoring

Infrastructure monitoring is a process of analyzing the performance, availability, and health of the infrastructure components. Infrastructure collects data from various sources including system logs, metrics, and streams. Using it you could monitor the application and view metrics more easily for a detailed graph of what could go wrong in the future and avoid it. Some tools you should learn:

• Grafana

• Datadog

• Prometheus

• Zabbix

Step 15: Application Monitoring

Application monitoring is important as with new deployments pushed to the main branch there is a chance that with some bug fix or changes made our application goes down to avoid any such circumstances it’s better to continuously track, measure, and analyze the metrics. With the data collected the Devs and managers get some insights into their performance insights.

Step 16: Other DevOps Topics to Learn

1. Logs Management: It involves collecting, storing, analyzing, and visualizing log data generated by applications, systems, and infrastructure components.

2. Artifact Management: It is the practice of managing and versioning software artifacts, including binaries, libraries, dependencies, and configuration files. Artifact management tools provide repositories for storing and sharing artifacts, ensuring consistency, traceability, and reproducibility in software builds and deployments.

3. Artifactory: Artifactory is a universal artifact repository manager developed by JFrog, designed to support artifact management and distribution for various package formats and technologies

4. Nexus:Nexus Repository Manager is an open-source artifact repository manager provided by Sonatype, offering support for storing and managing software artifacts in Maven, npm, Docker, and other formats.

5. Service Mesh: In a microservice architecture or a distributed system, we can use a service mesh that sits in the infrastructure layer. Service mesh helps the different services and components in the stack talk.

6. Cloud Design Patterns: Cloud design patterns are reusable architectural patterns and best practices for designing and implementing cloud-native applications and services. Cloud design patterns address common challenges such as scalability, availability, fault tolerance, and data management in cloud environments, helping organizations build resilient and efficient cloud solutions.

Exploring Career Opportunities with DevOps Skills

Learning a bunch of tools will give you an upper hand because of your diverse knowledge and can help you get many other roles including the core DevOps Engineer role.

1. DevOps Engineer: DevOps Engineer As a DevOps engineer, you’ll play a crucial role in automating and optimizing the software development lifecycle. You’ll collaborate with development, operations, and quality assurance teams to implement continuous integration, continuous delivery, and infrastructure as code practices. DevOps Engineer salary in India ranges between ₹6 – 10 Lakhs per annum.

2. ​​Site Reliability Engineer (SRE): SREs focus on ensuring the reliability, scalability, and performance of large-scale distributed systems. They use DevOps principles and practices to design resilient and highly available systems, monitor system health and performance, and automate incident response and resolution processes. Site Reliability Engineer salary in India ranges between ₹7 – 19 Lakhs per annum.

3. Cloud Engineer: Cloud engineers specialize in designing, implementing, and managing cloud infrastructure and services. With DevOps skills, you’ll be well-equipped to leverage cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud to build scalable and resilient applications. Cloud Engineer salary in India ranges between ₹5 – 8 Lakhs per annum.

4. System Administration: DevOps Engineer is proficient in system administration and excels in managing and maintaining IT infrastructure, including servers, networks, and storage systems. System Administration salary in India ranges between ₹4.5 – 6.5 Lakhs per annum.

5. Software Developer: As you have the knowledge of DevOps Engineer and know how to code you will have leverage as you know how to automate the development to deployment into production. Software Developer salary in India ranges between ₹5 – 8 Lakhs per annum.

6. Test Automation Engineer: Writing scripts to automate application testing procedures would be the main responsibility of a test automation engineer. Test Automation Engineer salary in India ranges between ₹4 – 6 Lakhs per annum.

7. Network Engineer: A Network Engineer specializes in designing, implementing, and managing resilient and scalable network architectures to support modern cloud-native applications. Network Engineer salary in India ranges between ₹4 – 5.5 Lakhs per annum.